History of Computer Development

Computers we use today are not necessarily but just popped through the long process of evolution.Happenings emergence of the computer may be viewed in flashback history since the use of Abacus - found in Babylonia (Iraq) around 5000 years ago - as an instrument manual calculation of the first, both in the scope of the school and among traders, at the time. In the next period has been widely found in the tools calculate the mechanical kind that is Pascaline invented by Blaine Pascal in 1642, Arithometer by Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar in 1820, Babbage's Folly by Charles Babbage in 1822, and Hollerith by Herman Hollerith in the year 1889. All are still a machine entirely without electricity. The size and complexity of its structure based on the level of operation of calculation. It was only in 1940, begins a new era since the invention of electrical computer electrically computer that maintains a system of Boolean algebra.


The development of computer technologies outlined below in the top four generations based on the components it uses, ranging from the size of "big" until the micro-components in line also with the complexity.


First Generation.



This is an era when computers were giant, like the Z3, Colossus, ENIAC, EDVAC, EDSAC, UNIVAC I. Characteristics of computers these days marked by the size almost as big as the bedroom, using vacuum tubes with very large quantities to store and process the orders or instructions, consuming thousands of watts of electrical power, using machine language and can only be used by a person trained. So, the layman would not be able to use it so that computers of this type has not been commercialized to the general public. Only large corporations, educational institutions and government agencies who use them.

Second Generation.



This era began with the use of transistors and diodes as a replacement of vacuum tubes so sizenya smaller than its predecessor generation.Other inventions that use magnetic core memory that hold data, thus faster in data processing, and machine language has been replaced with assembly language (Fortran and Cobol) that makes it easy to operate. Some examples of the computer at this time, namely Stretch, LARC, DEC PDP-8, IBM 1401, IBM 7090 and IBM 7094.

Third Generation.



New era of computer communication start step foot on this momentum. Most large companies implement on-line system using a remote terminal in the use of computers (read: on-line). This technology would also be supported by an increasingly computer performance in terms of both hardware and software usage. New discoveries in the field of hardware  with the emergence of IC (Integrated Circuit) in computer components. Because of its advantages in uniting the various components in a single chip so that the computer at the time computers became ever smaller size without degrading the performance being generated, and even further improve its performance. In the software, programming techniques plural (Multi-Programming) began to be developed so that more and add to the collection of existing programming languages. Cray-1, 90/30 UNIVAC and IBM 360 computers are some examples of this generation.

Fourth Generation.



Along with the speed of time development of the computer as a tool of data processing is increasing rapidly, especially in this generation.Speed which increases inversely with the smaller size supported by the larger memory capacity. The price is getting cheaper is because its components have been manufactured and sold eg.In this period various IC united into a single entity to form a component called the VLSI (Very Large Scale IC). Use of the software more easily and develop into effect on home computers, such as word processing and spreadsheet. Even more extensive Internet network that used to be only enjoyed by the elite groups now can be used also by ordinary people. The use of microprocessor is now an absolute no longer used only on computers but have applied to other electronic products, like televisions and microwaves. See the development of the computer world a very high rate of growth starting from the beginning to the present generation can we predict how the characteristics of the computer on future generations. Possibly, the computer will not have to keep dictated by man, but he already can do everything yourself.Ability to have virtually resembles human intelligence. Such capabilities (Artificial Intelligence or Artificial intelligence) are now actively investigated by the developed countries like Japan and the United States.

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