The Third and Fourth Generation of Computers

Although the transistors in many cases has exceeded the ability of the vacuum tube, but transistors are too large to produce heat, which could potentially damage your computer parts.Stone was discovered later quartz or quartz rock that can eliminate this problem. An engineer at Texas Instruments named Jack Kilby develop the integrated circuit (IC: integrated circuit) in 1958. IC can be combined three electronic components in a small disc made of silicon quartz. then the scientists managed to fit more components into a single chip called a semiconductor. resulting in an increasingly small computer because the existing component in it can be squeezed onto the chip.The third-generation development is the use of other operating systems or operating system in English, ie a system that allows the engine can run many different programs simultaneously with a main program that oversees or monitors and coordinates the engine computer memory.


Development of fourth generation computers become more clear, that shrink the size of circuits and electronic components. Large Scale Integration or LSI can contain hundreds of components in a single chip. Then in the 1980s, the Very Large Scale Integration, or VLSI contains thousands of parts in one single chip. ULSI or called Ultra-Large Scale Integration able to increase that number into the millions. The ability to install many components in a single half-sized pieces of metal coinsencourage lower prices and the size of a computer.
 It was also able to increase power, efficiency and reliability of the computer.

 Intel 4004 chip that was created in 1971, took effect on IC progress by putting all the components of a computer (ie central processing unit, memory, and control input / output) in a chip is very small.Before that, the IC is made to do a certain task-specific. and now, a microprocessor can be created and then programmed to meet all the requirements. Not long after that, everyday household items like microwave ovens, televisions, and also cars with electronic fuel injection, it is equipped with a tool called a microprocessor.
Such developments can enable ordinary people to use computers. Computers no longer be a dominant big companies or government agencies.then in the mid-1970s, computer assembleroffers the results of their computer creations to the public. The computers, called the mini-computers, mini computers were sold with software packages or software that is easy to use by the layman.Software or software the most popular at the time it is word processing and spreadsheet programs.
Then in 1981, IBM tried to introduce the use of computer machines called Personal Computer (PC) for use in homes, offices and schools. In the year 1981 kumputer Personal use only 2 million units later in the year 1981 lelonjak rose to 5.5 million units. Then ten years later, as many as 65 million PCs have been used. Computers continue its evolution toward a smaller size, of computers that are on the table, usually called by a desktop computer, a computer that can be inserted into a laptop bag or called, or even a computer that can be grasped the palm top. Because computers have been able to clear the fields of business, hence the emergence of competition between the IBM PC with a company in getting the Apple Macintosh computer market. Apple Macintosh which became famous for his ability to popularize the graphical system on his computer, while a rival who still use text-based computer. Company also popularized the use of Macintosh hardware mouse.
Currently we have known travel using IBM compatible CPU: IBM PC/486, Pentium, Pentium 2, Pentium 3, Pentium 4 (series of CPUs from Intel's creation). Also we know AMD K6, Athlon, and others. It's all included in the group's fourth-generation computers. Along with the proliferation and development of computer technology usage in the workplace, and new ways to dig Potensia in the computer being developed. By increasing the strength of a mini computer, computers can be connected simultaneously on a network (net) for memory sharing, software, information, and also to be able to communicate with each other at one time. Computer networks allow a computer to form electronic co-operation to solve a process task. By using the technique of direct wiring (for example, is such local area network, LAN), or telephone cables, then this network can be developed into a very big network and growing.

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