Virtual Memory

Virtual Memory is the HDD space to use some parts as a memory. This is an application used to store data and instructions that are not currently needed for the process by the computer system. During the process of loading the program, the system will copy the application data and instructions from the HDD to the main memory (system memory). Therefore, the system can use resources such as CPU to process and implement it. After getting the full system memory, the system will start moving some data and instructions that no longer need to process to the Virtual Memory to data and instructions they need to process again. So the system can call the next application of data and instructions and copy it to main memory for the system to process the rest and load the program. When the data and instructions in the Virtual Memory needs to process, the system will first check the main memory for space. If there is space, it will simply swap them to the main memory. If no space is left for the main memory, the system will first check the main memory and move any data and instructions that do not need to process the Virtual Memory. Then the exchange of data and instructions that need to be processed by the system of Virtual Memory to the main memory.

After too low on the size of Virtual Memory or Virtual Memory size (which means the size of which is above two times the memory system) is not a good idea. If you set your Virtual Memory is too low, then the OS will continue to emit an error message that states either not enough or Virtual memory too low. This is because some parts of the system memory used to store the OS Kernel, and the need to remain in main memory all the time. Therefore the system must have space to store the current process data and instructions are not needed when the main memory can be filled. If you set your Virtual Memory size is too large to support intensive applications, is also not a good idea. Because it will create lag performance, and even he would take the HDD free space. System requirements for data transfer and application instructions back and forth between Virtual Memory and Memory System. Therefore, it is not a good idea. The ideal size for Virtual Memory Virtual Memory is the default size, and must not exceed the value of triple the size of system memory.

To determine how much virtual memory you need, because the user's system contains a different amount of RAM, is based on the system. By default, the operating system will determine the right size for Virtual Memory. Standards and the appropriate size Virtual Memory is:

CODE * 1.5 =.
For example, if your system has 256 MB of RAM, you must assign 384 MB for Virtual Memory.
CODE 256 MB of RAM (Main Memory) * 1.5 = 384 MB for Virtual Memory

If you want to determine how much virtual memory for your system and / or want to configure and add virtual memory, follow the procedures that will be shown below.

The following procedure is based on Windows XP Professional.

1-1) to right-click My Computer and select Properties

1-2) In the System Properties dialog box, open the Advanced tab

1-3) Click the Settings button from the Performance frame

1-4) After the Performance Options appear on the screen, go to the Advanced tab

1-5) Under the Advanced tab, click the Modify button from the Virtual Memory frame for access to the Virtual Memory settings

Then the Virtual Memory dialog box is displayed. There, you can check how much Virtual Memory you specified.

If you want to change the size of Virtual Memory, follow the procedures that will be shown below.

2-1) There, select the drive letter that is used to install the Operating System

2-2) Choose the option that says, "Custom Size:"

Once you choose that option, the settings for the Initial Size and Maximum Size to be available for you to manage. Initial Size (MB) means the actual size of Virtual Memory, and Maximum Size (MB) means the maximum size of Virtual Memory that is allowed to be used.

Say if your system has 512 MB of RAM, then the ideal setting for Virtual Memory is as follows:

CODE

Initial Size (MB): 768 Maximum size (MB): 1500

Once you are satisfied with the size of Virtual Memory, click the Set button from Paging file size for selected drive to apply the settings for Virtual Memory size. Then click the OK button to apply the settings.

That's where you can manage and configure for the Virtual Memory size.

Additional Information.

To maintain good overall system performance, you should use the actual size of the standard size for Virtual Memory and three values of the size of main memory to the maximum size of Virtual Memory. If you find that the main memory plus virtual memory is not large enough to load intensive applications, then you will need to add main memory to your system.

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Computer chassis

Computer case serves to cover part of this equipment, so it looks neat. In addition, as the outer most CPU, the chassis also has a function as a place of attachment of various gadgets for the completeness of our computers. As known, the computers is a tool to process a variety of data obtained from other equipment. Because it is in need in various ways to enter data contained on the chassis. From there through certain types of card types, incoming data is the processed via computer.

Innovation in the field of computer chassis is better for our convenience in the use of these gadget. If the first audio plugs from the USB port or hole to plug in various devices that use USB type channels, such as flash-disk, data cable, mouse, etc. It only consists of several pieces and placed in front. " Therefore we are more easily take advantage of tools that use is not permanent. In accordance with the times too, so that port type variety, in addition to USB affairs there is also a port of the SMC card for networking purpose and fire-wire ports are used to transfer data from a special type of camera. To anticipate the destruction, there is also equipped with a thermometer casing temperature gauges, to measure the temperature of the VGA card, Processor and Hard- drive.

Type of computer case is based on shape, namely:

Desktop casing
is a casing which is shaped like a box that has a width of approximately 30-40 cm and a length of about 50-60 cm. Generally used as a pedestal chassis desktop monitors. Blank desktop chassis are marketed today are already equipment with a power supply unit ( PSU ), speakers, lights for hard drive, lamp power, turbo light and lighting cables.

Tower casing
generally over 80 486 computer using a tower chassis, in addition to consume little place a toot hold, the room inside the computer case more extensive, so the temperature in the computer case heat does not faster and also easier to add other components.

Tower type computer casing comprising

1. Mini tower
Mini tower chassis , middle tower , basically almost the same, what distinguishes from these species are size, bot height, width, or length.
2. Middle tower Casing tower market has also been equipped with a power supply unit ( PSU ), lamp power, turbo light, and lighting cables.

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Keyboard

Creation of a computer keyboard in typewriter inspired by the basic design is made and patented by Christopher Latham in 1868 many are marketed in 1877 by the Remington Company. The first computer keyboards adapted from punching cards and writing distance delivery technology ( teletype ). In 1946, The ENIAC computer using a card reader makers hole ( punched card reader ) as a means of input and output.

When you hear the word " keyboard ", then our mines can not be separated from the existence of a computer, because the keyboard is a board consisting of the key to type a sentence and other special symbols on the computer. On the keyboard buttons have a letter A - Z , number 0 - 9 , keys and special characters such as : "~@#$%^&*()+_|! , and other special buttons that total number was 104 keys. While on typewriter tuts number is 52 keys. The keyboard is generally rectangular, but the current model keyboard is very varied.

Previously, people who use typewriters both regular and electric typewriters. The keyboard has a similar form and function to a typewriter, the difference is the result of output or appearance. If use a typewriter, you can not remove or undo anything that has type and every single letter or symbol you type in the result you saw in the paper directly. Not so with the keyboard, what you type in the result or output can be seen on the monitor screen first, than you can modify or make changes to a form of writing, typing and other errors. Like "the mouse", the keyboard is connected to a computer with a cable located on computer and inserted into the port located on the CPU.

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Guide to choosing Mainboard

Mainboard is a meeting place for hardware circuit board inside a computer to exchange data.
The most important component to our attention that mainboard.
- Chipset
is a set of microcircuit that regulates the flow of data to and from the PC components, including processor, RAM, and other devices are on PCI slots, AGP, ISA and others. Note the dual channel support facilities, hyper transport, tweaking the BIOS menu.
- BIOS
Completeness function is a plus BIOS of the board, with user- friendly arrangements and additional facilities ( over-clocking, Bios flash update, power management ) is very helpful in managing the user's PC computer.
- Supporting Chipsets
such as the southbridge, sound, modems, SATA.

Visually it can be seen playing a good board.

1. Observe the number of component in it ( count the capacitors ), and note the model and the shape / type component.
2. capacitors in mainboard which there are colorful and varied types and varieties are usually less good, or maybe even never serviced.
3. More and more component in it, will relate to the speed of access, power, facilities and stability of the mainboard.
4. The sturdy layout and shape, in general first class mainboard.
5. The types of capacitors and components that are not brand the market.
6. Japanese-made capacitors ( Rubycon ) or can be viewed at the top of the form "Y".
7. For the class of extreme, select that uses a type of solid capacitors because it is generally more stable and 6 times more heat resistant and durable.
8. Note also the layout of component for the installation of any addon card no trouble.

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Use a good quality UPS

One effect of the erratic weather conditions on earth the Indonesian nation at this present moment is often rain that is located on the electrical energy that is needed by all people, especially my friend most gadget lovers who use to use electrical energy, and the impact we can feel in everyday life ie blackouts almost every day. this can cause the voltage was at home becomes unstable and makes the PC more vulnerable to damage, and other components will also experience problems such as the power supply, hard drives, even the motherboard. so it is very unfortunate if that happened, so we have to give up sebahagian or even all the important data we hilng just when we forget to save it.

 Solution to face an unstable voltage and for PC can be durable and for the security of data in a computer is to provide a UPS (Uninterruptible Power Suppley), ie a tool able to maintain supply of electrical energy is continuously so that still remain to supply electrical energy to the computereven though a power failure. 
Has been present a new breakthrough that will be ready to compete with other excellent products.UPS Power Tree with a better warranty is now ready to become a mainstay of the consumer.Select also the UPS battery is not arbitrary as well as the UPS install it. therefore pal feel and prove its superiority compared to other brands.
Here are some tips on choosing a proper ups need to know and very important:

1. Check for power-year old  UPS ,when the power goes out. AH bigger battery, the longer durability (Battery Power Tree UPS 8.2 AH).
2. Warranty UPS you buy long enough and reliable.
3. Make sure your UPS is equipped with AVR (stabilizer) (other fields recognize the automatic stabilizers / automatic stabilizer), a quality so that when the voltage at your place of voltage drop / rise then there is no problem / no damage will occur on your computer (AVR 140 V Power Tree -270V). 

4. UPS power is big enough to bear the burden under on your computer and durability long enough for you to finish the job you're doing.
5. UPS transfer time should be small, so a computer not restart during power outages.
6. UPS should have anti-lightning (fuse) to protect your computer.

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Choosing a Computer Application

Computer applications (or often called a computer program) is software that is used for certain purposes. As we know, for every purpose there are many choices of applications. For the media player only, for example, before you've available Media Player Classic, Windows Media Player, Quick Time, Real Player, XingMPEG, WinAmp, PowerDVD, and much more. You'll only be installing one, two or three are among the many similar applications. The problem is, what your options? Here is the problem.

Some things that could be considered at the time of selecting an application is as follows. 




First, how an application will burden your computer (especially RAM, and hard disk space). Choice applications may be many, but remember that you are limited by the specifications of your computer.If the super high-specification computer, you can install the latest version or release of various types of applications.
Second, how good an application to cover the function. For example, a good video editing applications are that can do almost any type of video manipulation. In other words, choose the application or the facility features the most complete.

Third, the compatibility of an application with the computer or your operating system. A large number of applications can only be dinstal on Microsoft Windows platform. Most of the others specifically for Linux, Mac, and so forth.

Fourth, how user-friendly applications. You will of course choose the applications that are more easy to operate: simple yet seemingly simple and its features is very complete.
Fifth, price. This is especially if you want to get the original version (not pirated). You certainly would choose a cheaper price. But if you want to get a pirated copy, of course, the price factor is no longer the main consideration.

Sixth, the availability. Matter how good an application, if you can not get it because there are no shops or leasing the installer then it just wrote to lie. You are of course the installer application to install it you can get.

Those are some things that maybe you can consider when selecting a computer application.Next, here are some of my favorite applications.
Operating system: Windows Office: Microsoft Office 2003Media player: Real Player 11, Media Player ClassicWeb browser: Mozilla FirefoxGraphic design: Corel Draw X3Image Editor: Corel Photo Paint X3Video editor: Windows Movie Maker Animation: Macromedia Flash 8Media converter: SUPERDisc burner: NeroFile Compression: WinRARPDF handling: Adobe Acrobat 5.0Antivirus: AVG Free, Symantec Antivirus, ESET NOD, PCMAV combined with ClamAV databaseSystem Maintenance: TuneUp Utilities 2007 (software system), PC Wizard 2008 (hardware system)Traditional programming: Borland Delphi 7Web programming: Macromedia Dreamweaver MX 2004Local server: XAMPPCMS: WordPress, Joomla!Technical drawing: AutoCAD



If you do something? What's your favorite application?

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Computer Pheriperal

Additional hardware peripherals are connected to the computer, usually with the help of cables.Peripheral is tasked with helping the computer to complete the task that can not be done by hardware that is mounted inside the casing. There are various types of peripherals with a variety of duties:

Keyboard.
Shaped like a typewriter that contain letters, numbers, special symbols and function keys. Point to give orders to the computer by writing or pressing a combination of a few buttons. Currently, a number of companies like Microsoft and Logitech already makes a keyboard without wires (wireless) that uses an infrared beam.

Mouse.
Tools like mice and consists of two or three buttons, functions to control the cursor / pointer on the screen monitor by way of moving forward, backward or laterally. It poses a rubber ball that will move the little wheels, which will regulate the movement cursor / pointer. Usually equipped with the latest generation of mouse scrolling button to make it easier to move down / up on the screen monitor. Mouse can also be used to play games.Now the wireless mouse has also been produced.



Trackball.
Its function is exactly the same as the mouse, just looks different. At the trackball, the ball that moves the cursor / pointer is outside and must be driven by our finger towards what we want. If we move the mouse body all over the table, the agency remained silent trackball in place. As with the keyboard and mouse, wireless trackball has also been on the market. Playing games with a trackball rather more difficult than the mouse.

Monitor
Looks like a television and function displays the process and results of computer work. Ancient computer monitor or a monochrome black and white only (sometimes with the word green or orange and black background). Now the monitor almost everything in color and high resolution, so that the resulting image quality is also much better.

Printer.
Used to print the paper or more computer processes that can be read. There are three types of printers that is widely known that dot-matrix printers, inkjet printers, and laser printers.

Scanner.
Used to retrieve the image prints (pictures, photos, writings) to be processed or displayed through a computer. There are two types of scanners, handy scanners (held and moved by hand), and flatbed scanner (similar to a photocopy machine.)

Microphone and speaker.
To enter and record their voices and listen to recordings that have been stored in the computer, or listen to music and sound from CD, MP3 or gaming.

Digital Camera.
It acts like a normal photo camera, it's just a direct result stored in computer data format. The result is much better than negative film prints.

External Modem.
External modem installed outside the casing and connected via cable, while the internal modem card that was plugged in the shape of the mainboard. Modem function convert digital signals to analog and vice versa, in order to send computer data over telephone lines. If you want to use the internet, the modem should be available.

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Computer as a medium of learning

As a learning medium, the computer has the advantage in terms of interaction, and foster independent learning for the child's interest. But computer interaction with children not yet able to replace a parent or teacher interaction with children.there are some things you should know:In addition to computer application programs (software), the Internet world more meaningful for children. The Internet allows children to take and process knowledge or information from the sites he visited without the limitation of distance and time. In addition there are other benefits obtained from the Internet, such as correspondence (e-mail), chat (chat), take / send information (download / upload).
 In this connection, the computer in the process of learning the computer, will give birth to a fun atmosphere for children. The images and sounds that appear also to make children do not get bored quickly, so as to stimulate the child to know further.On the bright side, kids can be more diligent and stimulated to learn to concentrate.
 for the more safe you can enter your child's place of course (computer courses), so your child in the learning process a computer can run well and can also direction of the computer tutor, or more delicious a child can call your home computer tutor in other words private computer.
 Access the Internet Through NegativeAnother negative influence, is opening access to children's negative of using the Internet. Able to access the internet really is a good start for developing insights into a child. Unfortunately, children are also threatened by the number of bad information that is flooding the Internet.
 Through internet various sex-charged material, violence, and others sold openly and without hindrance.
 Teaching the Internet for children, today is an important thing. However, in order to prevent negative impacts, there are some things parents should be doing.
 
The teacher or parent should introduce the internet on children, not others. Introduce Internet also means introducing the benefits and the intended use of the Internet. Therefore, teachers or parents must first understand the media and not clueless about computers. ''Unfortunately, children often are too sophisticated, while the teacher or her parents did not know anything. Do not know how to open the internet, also did not know anything about games that played like a child. Later when there is due to the bad, the new parents regret.
 

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The working principle of the computer system

Computers do the work primarily in the machine and we can not see, a control center that converts the information data input to output.This control center, called the central processing unit (CPU), How Computers Work is a very complex system.


Broad set of electronic circuitry that executes stored program instructions.All computers, large and small, must have a central processing unit.Central processing unit consists of two parts: the control unit and arithmetic / logic unit.Each part has a specific function.


Before we discuss the control unit and arithmetic / logic unit in detail, we need to consider the data storage and its relationship with the central processing unit.Computers use two types of storage: primary and secondary storage.


CPU interacts closely with the primary storage or main memory, it refers to both instructions and data.For this reason this section will discuss the reading of memory in the context of the central processing unit.


Remember that the memory (RAM) computer stores data only temporarily, when the computer is executing the program.Secondary storage of force permanently or semi-permanent data on the number of external magnetic or optical medium.



Floppy disks and CD-ROM disk that you've seen with personal computers is a secondary storage device, as well as your hard disk.Because of the physical attributes of secondary storage devices to determine how the data held on them, we will discuss the secondary data storage and organization together in another part.


Now let us consider the components of the central processing unit Computer System How it Works.


Control Unit From the CPU control unit contains circuitry that uses electrical signals to drive the entire computer system to carry out, or execute, stored program instructions.Like an orchestra leader, the control unit does not execute program instructions; however, he directs the other parts of the system to do it.Control unit must communicate with both the arithmetic / logic unit and memory.


The Arithmetic / Logic UnitArithmetic / logic unit (ALU) contains the electronic circuits that perform all arithmetic and logical operations.Arithmetic logic unit can perform four types of arithmetic operations, or mathematical calculations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.As the name suggests, arithmetic logic units also perform logical operations.A logical operation is usually the comparison.The unit can compare the numbers, letters or special characters.


Computers can perform actions based on the results of the comparison.This is a very important capability.This by comparing the computer can say, for example, whether there are filled seats on airplanes, whether cost-customer has exceeded their credit card limits, and whether one candidate for Congress has more votes than the other.


Register: Temporary Storage Areas.


Register is a temporary storage place for instruction or data.They are not part of the memory, but they are special additional storage location that offers the advantage of speed.
Register to work under the direction of the control unit for receiving, storing, and transfer instructions or data and perform arithmetic or comparison with high-speed logic.Control unit using the data storage means store owners to register using the register-as temporary, convenient place to store what is used in the Computer System How it Works.


Memory and Storage.


Memory is also known as primary storage, main memory, internal storage, main memory, and RAM (Random Access Memory); all these terms are used interchangeably by people in the computer.Is part of computer memory that stores data and instructions to be processed.Although closely linked to the central processing unit, memory separate from it.Program instruction or data memory during the program only involves in the operation.

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Mathematics and Computer

Mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss said as the "queen of Sciences.From that statement, then Mathematics is the science that is very important for the development of other sciences.As in biology, physics, chemistry, economics was not divorced from mathematics.


Identical with the mathematical calculations are also very instrumental in the development of computers.Binary systems for example.Binary systems which are the basis of calculating the sum of mathematics plays a major role in the operation of many computers.Mathematical Logic also contribute significantly to the operation of a computer because it turns out, the basis of a computer system that is logical.In addition, in the world of computer algorithms (read: math), is also one important element in saving (read: frugal, compress) the file size.


Historical development of computers that have been described that the development of computers began with the development of mathematical sciences.Starting with the use of human fingers, and then created abacus tool that can perform simple arithmetic operations.Then in 1617 John Napier has revealed sifir logarithms and this tool called Napier bones that can perform various calculations numbers . Than Blaise Pascal also created the first mechanical calculating machines that operate in the year 1642 by moving the gear on the wheel and then havedeveloped by William Leibnitz.


Partial explanation of the development of the computer can not be denied that was the role of mathematics in the computer is vital.Imagine if there was no mathematics in the history of this life, maybe until now there is no computer or other knowledge that encourages the development of such technology today.

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